OpenStack Private Cloud Design and Cost Model for Real Estate Data Management
DOI:
10.33395/sinkron.v10i4.16833Keywords:
break-even analysis, Ceph, disaster recovery, OpenStack, private cloud, total cost of ownershipAbstract
Large real estate enterprises hold dense concentrations of regulated data while running enterprise applications at steady, predictable load, a combination poorly matched to public cloud pricing and to cross-border processing under Indonesia's Personal Data Protection Law. This study aims to propose an on-premises private cloud design for such an organisation and to model its cost position with all assumptions explicitly stated. The method comprises four parts: a real estate workload profile that maps application classes to criticality labels; a four-layer reference architecture built on OpenStack with a Ceph storage backend and an orchestration layer adapted from the Private Cloud Bespoke Orchestrator framework, in which a single data-criticality label propagates through storage placement, network isolation, snapshot cadence, and recovery ordering; an analytical estimate and a stochastic simulation of disaster recovery duration under three load conditions; and a parametric three-year total cost of ownership model that includes transition costs, evaluated through three scenarios and a Monte Carlo analysis. In the reference scenario, the private cloud becomes cost-favourable once annual public cloud expenditure exceeds approximately IDR 393 million, with a 90 per cent interval of IDR 272 to 600 million. Post-migration staffing and node acquisition cost are the dominant model assumptions. In simulation, recovering 1.0 terabyte of critical data meets the thirty-minute target in 63 per cent of runs at moderate load. The design has not been deployed or audited, so simulated recovery times rest on assumed parameters and the compliance posture is unverified.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Reynaldo Reynaldo, Alfa Ryano Yohannis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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